Standard vs. Compact Broadband Seismometers: Choosing the Right Sensor

Seismic monitoring requires precise, reliable instrumentation capable of detecting and recording ground motion with high fidelity. Two popular categories of seismometers in modern applications are Standard Broadband Seismometers and Compact Broadband Seismometers. Each has unique advantages and trade-offs depending on portability, installation, power consumption, temperature sensitivity, and performance characteristics. In this article, we compare the SS08 (Standard Broadband Seismometer) and SS08C (Compact Broadband Seismometer), highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses to help you choose the best sensor for your application.

1. Overview of SS08 and SS08C

SS08 – Standard Broadband Seismometer

The SS08 is a high-sensitivity, ultra-low noise broadband triaxial seismometer, designed for observatory-grade seismic monitoring, planetary geophysics, and tsunami early warning systems. It features automatic mass centering, electric mass locking, and magnetic shielding, making it ideal for long-term deployments in both field and laboratory environments.

SS08C – Compact Broadband Seismometer

The SS08C is a lightweight, portable broadband triaxial seismometer designed for quick deployment in various environments, including reservoir microseismic monitoring, soil property inspection, and microzonation studies. Its compact form factor, low power consumption, and ease of deployment make it suitable for applications requiring rapid setup and mobility.

2. Key Comparison Factors

FeatureSS08 (Standard)SS08C (Compact)
Portability❌ Heavier (15kg), requires careful handling✅ Lightweight (1.42kg), easy to transport
Installation❌ Requires precise leveling, mass centering✅ Fast deployment, usable within minutes
Power Consumption✅ Low (<500mW @ 12VDC)✅ Ultra-low (<500mW @ 12VDC)
Self-Noise✅ Below USGS NLNM (0.004 – 25Hz)✅ Below USGS NLNM (0.03 – 10Hz)
Dynamic Range✅ >150dB (0.1 – 10Hz)❌ >135dB (0.1 – 10Hz)
Temperature Sensitivity✅ Wide range (-20°C to +70°C)❌ Narrower range (-20°C to +50°C)
Mass Centering✅ Automatic mass centering❌ Not necessary due to small size
Housing Options✅ Rugged aluminum, IP68K✅ Multiple options: borehole, posthole (AISI316)
Shock Resistance✅ 5g half sine✅ 5g half sine
Applications✅ Long-term, observatory-grade✅ Short-term, rapid deployment

3. Pros & Cons of SS08 vs. SS08C

SS08 – Standard Broadband Seismometer

✅ Pros:

  • High sensitivity and precision for observatory-grade monitoring
  • Lower self-noise, superior dynamic range (>150 dB)
  • Wide temperature operation (-20°C to +70°C)
  • Automatic mass centering and electric mass lock
  • Excellent for long-term seismic monitoring

❌ Cons:

  • Larger and heavier (15kg), making transport difficult
  • Requires leveling and careful installation
  • Longer setup time

SS08C – Compact Broadband Seismometer

✅ Pros:

  • Highly portable (1.42kg), ideal for field deployment
  • Quick and simple installation, similar to a geophone
  • Suitable for posthole deployments without special care
  • Energy-efficient for remote installations

❌ Cons:

  • Slightly higher self-noise at lower frequencies
  • Narrower dynamic range (>135dB vs. >150dB)
  • Limited temperature range (-20°C to +50°C)

4. Choosing the Right Sensor for Your Needs

Choose the SS08 if:

  • You need ultra-low noise performance for high-precision monitoring.
  • Your project involves long-term deployments in observatories or seismic networks.
  • You require automatic mass centering and electric mass locking.
  • You are working in extreme temperature conditions (-20°C to +70°C).

Choose the SS08C if:

  • You need a lightweight, compact sensor for fieldwork.
  • Your application requires quick deployment and ease of use.
  • You operate in shallow posthole or surface installations.
  • You need low power consumption for remote monitoring.

Conclusion

Both the SS08 and SS08C serve distinct purposes in seismic monitoring. While the SS08 excels in precision, long-term observatory use, and extreme environmental conditions, the SS08C is ideal for rapid deployment, portability, and energy-efficient remote installations. Selecting the right sensor depends on your specific project requirements, including installation constraints, power availability, and monitoring objectives.

🔗 Purchase SS08: SS08 Broadband Seismometer

🔗 Purchase SS08C: SS08C Compact Broadband Seismometer

For more information or to request a quote, contact us at sales@quakelogic.net.

MASW and ReMi: Unlocking Subsurface Insights with DoReMi Seismograph

In the realm of geophysical exploration, two advanced seismic techniques—MASW (Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves) and ReMi (Refraction Microtremor)—are leading tools for mapping shallow shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles. These methods provide critical data for applications ranging from seismic hazard assessments to infrastructure development and resource exploration. With the DoReMi Seismograph, professionals gain access to a powerful, modular, and precision-driven solution, complete with free analysis software for seamless operation in diverse environments.

What is MASW (Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves)?

MASW is an active-source seismic technique that analyzes surface waves generated by an external source, such as a sledgehammer, weight drop, or vibroseis truck. The energy produced by these sources travels along the ground surface as Rayleigh waves, and MASW records their dispersion characteristics to calculate shear-wave velocity (Vs) at different depths.

Key Highlights of MASW:

  • Source Type: Active (sledgehammer, weight drop, vibroseis)
  • Depth Penetration: Depends on array length, sensor frequency, and energy source
  • Applications:
    • Seismic hazard assessment
    • Subsurface characterization
    • Soil stiffness evaluation
    • Infrastructure foundation studies

MASW excels in environments where controlled energy sources can be applied, offering reliable data even in noisy urban settings.

What is ReMi (Refraction Microtremor)?

ReMi is a passive-source seismic technique that relies on ambient noise or microtremors generated naturally by environmental activities, such as traffic, wind, or machinery. Unlike MASW, ReMi doesn’t require an active energy source, making it ideal for sites where active sources cannot be used.

Key Highlights of ReMi:

  • Source Type: Passive (environmental noise, microtremors)
  • Depth Penetration: Primarily depends on array length and sensor frequency
  • Applications:
    • Deep subsurface profiling
    • Seismic hazard mapping
    • Geological fault studies
    • Urban development site assessments

ReMi surveys are particularly advantageous in environments with high background noise levels.

How Do MASW and ReMi Differ?

FeatureMASWReMi
SourceActive (artificial source)Passive (ambient noise)
Depth PenetrationShallow to moderate depthDeeper depths
Data QualityControlled, higher resolutionNatural, dependent on ambient noise
Best Used ForUrban projects, shallow investigationsDeep subsurface studies

While MASW excels in controlled, shallow-depth investigations, ReMi thrives in scenarios where deep subsurface profiling is required.

DoReMi Seismograph: The All-in-One Solution

The DoReMi Seismograph is a cutting-edge, modular digital telemetry system designed for both MASW and ReMi surveys. It combines advanced hardware capabilities with user-friendly software, ensuring high-precision data acquisition in any operational setting.

Key Features of DoReMi Seismograph:

  • Modular Design: Scalable to support 1 to 255 channels, allowing flexible configurations for diverse projects.
  • Embedded Recording Electronics: Electronics are embedded in the cable, reducing electromagnetic interference.
  • Lightweight & Portable: Easily transported with a cable wheeler, ensuring smooth deployment in remote sites.
  • Integrated Battery System: Built-in rechargeable battery ensures continuous and independent operation.
  • Noise Reduction: Digitalization near the geophone minimizes noise and prevents data loss or crosstalk.
  • Flexible Sensor Integration: Supports 4.5 Hz geophones, downhole sensors (SS-BH-5C), and other seismic equipment.
  • Free Analysis Software: Compatible with any processing software, simplifying data management and interpretation.

Advanced Software for Seamless Operation

The DoReMi Seismograph is complemented by advanced software tools, designed to streamline on-site data quality checks and post-processing workflows.

Key Software Capabilities:

  • Pre-Shot Noise Monitoring: Ensures data integrity before acquisition.
  • Downhole & Surface Data Management: Simplifies different acquisition scenarios.
  • Signal Inversion & Overlapping: For SH shots and advanced processing.
  • Data Filtering & Spectral Analysis: Advanced tools for FK and FV analysis.
  • Roll-Along Acquisition: Simplifies large-area surveys.
  • HVSR Preview: Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio preview for subsurface mapping.
  • Multi-Language Support: Available in English, Italian, and Chinese.

Applications of DoReMi Seismograph

  • Seismic Hazard Assessment: Earthquake resilience site characterization.
  • Geophysical Exploration: MASW, ReMi, Refraction, Reflection, and Downhole surveys.
  • Infrastructure Projects: Foundation analysis and underground mapping.
  • Resource Exploration: Aquifer detection, oil and gas reservoir profiling.
  • Urban Development: Roadbed evaluations and soil stiffness assessments.

Data Outputs from DoReMi Seismograph

  1. 1D Shear Wave Velocity Profile:
    • Vertical shear-wave velocity analysis for site characterization.
  2. 2D Shear Wave Velocity Profile:
    • Comprehensive subsurface mapping when multiple acquisitions are performed.

These outputs are essential for geotechnical engineers, seismologists, and urban planners in making informed decisions.

Why Choose DoReMi Seismograph for MASW and ReMi Surveys?

  • Dual Capability: Seamlessly supports both MASW and ReMi techniques.
  • High Precision: Noise-free, reliable data acquisition.
  • Scalable Design: Flexible configurations from 1 to 255 channels.
  • Advanced Software Integration: Simplified analysis and data management.
  • Portability: Lightweight design with modular architecture.
  • Expert Support: Dedicated training, support, and consultation from QuakeLogic.

Conclusion

The DoReMi Seismograph by QuakeLogic represents a state-of-the-art solution for MASW and ReMi seismic surveys, offering unmatched flexibility, precision, and reliability. Whether it’s mapping shallow shear-wave velocity using MASW or profiling deeper subsurface layers with ReMi, DoReMi delivers results you can trust.

Experience precision, reliability, and innovation with the DoReMi Seismograph—your trusted partner in seismic exploration.

📞 For more information or to request a demo, contact us at:
Phone: +1-916-899-0391
Email: sales@quakelogic.net
Website: www.quakelogic.net

Discover seismic monitoring excellence with QuakeLogic’s DoReMi Seismograph!

A Guide to MASW and ESPAC Surveys: Techniques, Equipment, and Software Solutions

Seismic surveys play a critical role in understanding subsurface structures, enabling industries ranging from urban infrastructure development to resource exploration to make informed decisions. Among the most widely adopted seismic methods are MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) and ESPAC (Extended Spatial Autocorrelation). These techniques are renowned for their effectiveness in surface wave analysis, allowing for precise mapping of underground layers and the identification of geological features.

In this guide, we’ll explore MASW and ESPAC surveys, their methodologies, required equipment, and software solutions, including the advanced GN309 Intelligent Node Seismograph, a powerful tool for seismic exploration.

What is MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves)?

Definition and Purpose

MASW is an Active Source Detection Method used to analyze Rayleigh surface waves generated by applying artificial vibrations to the ground. It is ideal for exploring shallow geological layers (less than 15 meters) and is commonly used in engineering, geotechnical assessments, and infrastructure monitoring.

How MASW Works

  1. Source Generation: Surface waves are generated using an active seismic source, such as a sledgehammer, weight drop, or vibroseis truck.
  2. Wave Propagation: The generated seismic waves travel through the upper soil layers, where their velocity is influenced by soil stiffness and density.
  3. Data Collection: An array of geophones (typically 12 to 48) placed at regular intervals records the seismic waves.
  4. Signal Analysis: Data from the geophones are processed using specialized software to generate dispersion curves and extract S-wave velocity profiles.

Applications of MASW Surveys

  • Urban Engineering: Assessing underground spaces and roadbed stability.
  • Pipeline Detection: Identifying potential hazards around buried pipelines.
  • Infrastructure Projects: Evaluating soil stability for bridges, buildings, and tunnels.
  • Site Characterization: Understanding the subsurface profile for construction planning.

Advantages of MASW

  • Effective for shallow layers (less than 15m).
  • Minimal environmental disruption.
  • Quick data collection and processing.
  • Provides detailed subsurface S-wave velocity profiles.

What is ESPAC (Extended Spatial Autocorrelation)?

Definition and Purpose

ESPAC is a Passive Source Detection Method that relies on natural ambient vibrations from the Earth’s surface. Unlike MASW, ESPAC does not require an external seismic source, making it ideal for mid-to-deep subsurface exploration (up to 10 km).

How ESPAC Works

  1. Passive Data Collection: Seismic sensors, typically geophones or broadband seismometers, are deployed to record ambient vibrations (from traffic, wind, or natural seismic activity).
  2. Autocorrelation Analysis: The recorded vibrations are processed using specialized software to create dispersion curves.
  3. Velocity Profile Generation: Data is interpreted to produce S-wave velocity profiles across various depths.

Applications of ESPAC Surveys

  • Resource Exploration: Mapping oil, gas, and mineral deposits.
  • Geological Research: Understanding fault zones and subsurface structures.
  • Deep Earth Monitoring: Studying deep geological formations for seismic resilience.
  • Hydrogeological Studies: Mapping aquifers and water-bearing strata.

Advantages of ESPAC

  • Ideal for deep subsurface analysis (up to 10 km).
  • Does not require active vibration sources.
  • Suitable for remote or hard-to-access locations.
  • Provides valuable insights into mid-to-deep geological structures.

Key Differences Between MASW and ESPAC

FeatureMASW (Active Method)ESPAC (Passive Method)
Source TypeArtificial (hammer, vibroseis truck)Natural (ambient seismic noise)
Depth RangeShallow (<15m)Mid-to-Deep (up to 10 km)
Data Collection TimeShortLong
Primary UseEngineering and shallow subsurface studiesResource exploration and deep geological mapping
Environmental ImpactMinimalNone

Equipment Required for MASW and ESPAC Surveys

1. Seismograph System

  • GN309 Intelligent Node Seismograph: A versatile, high-resolution data acquisition system with advanced 4G/WiFi connectivity and up to 30 days of battery life.
  • Geophones: Specialized seismic sensors (typically 2Hz or broadband geophones).
  • Seismic Source (For MASW Only): Hammer, weight drop, or vibroseis truck.

2. Data Acquisition Units

  • Systems capable of multi-channel data acquisition for synchronous sensor recording.
  • Rugged and portable hardware for field deployments.

3. Connectivity Tools

  • 4G and WiFi-enabled devices for real-time data transfer.
  • Remote monitoring and adjustment capabilities.

4. Data Processing Software

  • GeoTremors Professional Processing Software: A powerful platform for MASW and ESPAC data analysis, capable of real-time 2D/3D visualization, dispersion curve extraction, and HVSR analysis.
  • Features signal compensation and denoising algorithms for accurate results.

GN309 Intelligent Node Seismograph for MASW and ESPAC Surveys

The GN309 Intelligent Node Seismograph is the ideal tool for conducting MASW and ESPAC surveys.

Why GN309 is Ideal for MASW & ESPAC?

  • Precision: 2Hz geophone with 260 V/m/s sensitivity.
  • Extended Battery Life: Up to 30 days (normal mode) and 7–10 days (4G mode).
  • Expandable: Supports up to 3 additional components.
  • Portability: Lightweight and easy to deploy.
  • Connectivity: Real-time data transmission via 4G and WiFi.
  • Software Integration: Seamless operation with GeoTremors Professional Processing Software.

GeoTremors Professional Software for MASW & ESPAC

  • Real-time 2D/3D seismic data visualization.
  • Supports both active (MASW) and passive (ESPAC) surveys.
  • Advanced HVSR analysis and S-wave velocity profiling.
  • Signal processing algorithms for enhanced accuracy.
  • User-friendly interface for streamlined workflow.

Conclusion

Both MASW and ESPAC surveys are indispensable tools for seismic exploration, each catering to different depth ranges and geological objectives. With the GN309 Intelligent Node Seismograph and GeoTremors Professional Processing Software, professionals can ensure high-precision data acquisition, efficient processing, and reliable analysis across diverse environments.

👉 Order Your GN309 Now

For more information, contact QuakeLogic today:

Unlock deeper insights with MASW and ESPAC surveys powered by GN309 Intelligent Node Seismographevery vibration counts!