Author: QuakeLogic

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QuakeLogic

Curated QuakeLogic articles, application notes, and technical explainers for engineering teams.

Areas of expertiseSeismic monitoring, structural health monitoring, testing systems, data acquisition, and applied engineering education.
Data center seismic monitoring system with seismic sensors protecting critical server infrastructure.
Technical Note

Data Center Seismic Monitoring

Data center seismic monitoring helps protect critical infrastructure from earthquake-related risks. Data centers depend on stable equipment, reliable power, and continuous network access. Even moderate ground movement can affect sensitive systems, especially...

Nov 6, 20267 min read

40-Ton Uniaxial and Biaxial Hydraulic Shake Tables

QuakeLogic 40-ton biaxial hydraulic shake table with 4 m x 4 m platform and ±350 mm stroke

In short: QuakeLogic's 40-ton hydraulic shake tables carry a 40-ton (392 kN) payload at 1 g on a 4000 x 4000 mm platform with ±350 mm stroke in X and Y, 1000 mm/s peak velocity, 20 Hz bandwidth, up to 2 g under 20 tons and 1200 kN·m overturning moment. Double-ended 600 kN and 525 kN actuators, a 300 LPM, 160 kW hydraulic power unit and sub-10 ms PID control drive it.

QuakeLogic is proud to introduce cutting-edge 40-ton uniaxial and biaxial hydraulic shake tables, designed for a wide range of seismic testing applications. These advanced tables are engineered for precision, power, and versatility, allowing researchers and engineers to simulate earthquake forces on large structures with high fidelity. Whether you are involved in civil engineering, aerospace, automotive testing, or seismic research, QuakeLogic’s shake tables provide the reliable performance you need to push the boundaries of seismic testing.

Shake table testing equipment for "40-Ton Uniaxial and Biaxial Hydraulic Shake Tables"

Key Specifications

1. Load Capacity

  • Maximum Payload: 40 tons (392 kN) at 1g acceleration.
  • Table Dimensions: 4000 mm x 4000 mm.

2. Motion and Speed

  • Effective Stroke: ±350 mm for both X and Y axes, ensuring large displacement capacity for simulating real-world seismic events.
  • Maximum Operating Speed: 1000 mm/s.
  • Continuous Operating Speed: 200 mm/s.

3. Performance and Frequency

  • Maximum Operating Frequency: 20 Hz.
  • Maximum Table Acceleration: Up to 2g for payloads less than 20 tons.

4. Overturning Moment Capacity

  • Overturning Moment: 1200 kN.m (for a 40-ton payload at 3-meter height), ensuring stability and performance even during extreme seismic events.

Advanced Hydraulic System

Shake table testing equipment for "40-Ton Uniaxial and Biaxial Hydraulic Shake Tables"

QuakeLogic’s 40-ton biaxial shake table is powered by an advanced hydraulic system, designed to provide seamless performance during demanding tests. Key features of the hydraulic system include:

  • Hydraulic Actuators: Designed for reliability, each actuator has a force capacity of 600 kN and 525 kN, with double-ended cylinders providing ±350 mm stroke. These actuators come with integrated position transducers (0.001 mm resolution) and load cells for precise control.
  • Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU): Equipped with a 300 LPM variable displacement pump and a 3000-liter tank with 160 kW installed power. The HPU is capable of running earthquake simulations with peak performance while maintaining optimal energy efficiency.
  • Accumulator Skid: With a 450-liter oil and 1800-liter nitrogen capacity, the system ensures smooth hydraulic operation during high-speed movements and complex earthquake simulations.

Control and Simulation Capabilities

The multi-axes control system is designed to offer real-time, high-fidelity control of the shake table. With closed-loop PID control and 16-bit analog inputs/outputs, the system ensures accurate position and force control with a response time of less than 10 ms. This allows the shake table to simulate even the most demanding seismic scenarios, ensuring that the data generated during testing is both accurate and reproducible.

Key Features of the Control System:

  • Real-Time Earthquake Data Simulation: Load real earthquake data for realistic seismic testing.
  • Advanced Signal Generator: Customizable sine waves, advanced modes, and unlimited profile length ensure flexibility.
  • Data Visualization and Analysis: FFT, response spectrum, and baseline correction are integrated into the user interface for easy data analysis.
  • Advanced PID Tuning: Model-based tuning for precise control during complex testing scenarios.

Applications

The 40-ton uniaxial and biaxial shake tables are versatile enough to serve multiple industries:

  • Civil Engineering: Testing the resilience of building structures, bridges, and other critical infrastructure components under simulated earthquake conditions.
  • Aerospace and Automotive: Simulating vibrations and seismic forces on sensitive components to ensure durability and safety.
  • Energy Sector: Testing equipment used in power generation and transmission to verify their performance under seismic stress.
  • Research Institutions: Universities and labs can use these shake tables to conduct cutting-edge research on seismic behavior and new materials.

Installation and Maintenance

The system’s modular design ensures straightforward installation, even for complex configurations. Key components such as the THK linear guides offer low dust generation and noise reduction, making the system well-suited for laboratory environments. Additionally, maintenance is simplified with filter replacement and hydraulic system checks easily integrated into the operational workflow.

For more information, visit the product page by clicking large-scale QuakeLogic shake tables.

Why Choose QuakeLogic?

  1. Proven Performance: QuakeLogic’s shake tables have been installed and are in use at leading research facilities worldwide.
  2. Custom Solutions: Tailored configurations to meet specific testing needs, whether uniaxial or biaxial.
  3. Expert Support: Our team works closely with clients to ensure successful system installation, operation, and ongoing maintenance, offering full lifecycle support.
QL customer satisfaction for "Biaxial Shake Table: Revolutionizing Seismic Testing Across Industries"

About QuakeLogic

QuakeLogic is a leading provider of advanced seismic monitoring solutions, offering a range of products and services designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of testing, data acquisition, and analysis.

Contact Information:

For more information about our products and services, please visit our website or contact our sales team. We are here to help you with all your testing and monitoring needs.

Key Takeaways

  • Payload 40 tons (392 kN) at 1 g on a 4000 x 4000 mm table; 2 g below 20 tons; 20 Hz maximum.
  • Stroke ±350 mm on both X and Y axes, 1000 mm/s maximum velocity, 200 mm/s continuous, and 1200 kN·m overturning moment at 3 m height.
  • Double-ended actuators rated 600 kN and 525 kN carry 0.001 mm position transducers and load cells for closed-loop force and position control.
  • HPU: 300 LPM variable displacement pump, 3000-liter tank, 160 kW installed power; accumulator skid holds 450 L oil and 1800 L nitrogen.
  • Control is closed-loop PID with 16-bit I/O and under 10 ms response; software includes earthquake replay, FFT, response spectrum and baseline correction.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the specifications of QuakeLogic's 40-ton biaxial shake table?

The 40-ton biaxial shake table has a 4000 x 4000 mm platform, 40-ton (392 kN) payload at 1 g, ±350 mm stroke on X and Y, 1000 mm/s maximum and 200 mm/s continuous velocity, 20 Hz maximum frequency, up to 2 g acceleration for payloads under 20 tons, and 1200 kN·m overturning moment for a 40-ton load at 3 m height. THK linear guides support the platform.

What hydraulic power unit drives a 40-ton shake table?

The 40-ton shake table is driven by a hydraulic power unit with a 300 LPM variable displacement pump, a 3000-liter oil tank and 160 kW installed power. An accumulator skid with 450 liters of oil and 1800 liters of nitrogen supplies peak flow during high-speed motion. Double-ended cylinders rated 600 kN and 525 kN provide the ±350 mm stroke, each with integrated 0.001 mm position transducers and load cells.

What is the difference between a uniaxial and a biaxial shake table?

A uniaxial shake table moves the specimen along one horizontal axis, which is sufficient for many component and planar structure tests and costs less in actuators and control hardware. A biaxial shake table adds a second horizontal axis (X and Y), so it can reproduce the two horizontal components of a recorded earthquake simultaneously, which is required for realistic testing of full buildings, bridges and torsionally irregular structures.

How does the control system reproduce real earthquake records?

The multi-axis controller loads recorded earthquake acceleration time histories and tracks them with closed-loop PID control using 16-bit analog inputs and outputs and a response time under 10 ms. Model-based PID tuning handles payload-dependent dynamics. The interface also provides a signal generator with sine and custom profiles of unlimited length, plus FFT, response spectrum and baseline correction tools for checking the fidelity of each run.

Which industries use a 40-ton shake table?

Civil engineering labs use 40-ton shake tables to test buildings, bridges and infrastructure components under simulated earthquakes. Aerospace and automotive groups qualify sensitive assemblies against vibration, the energy sector verifies power generation and transmission equipment under seismic stress, and universities run research on structural behavior and new materials. QuakeLogic tables are installed at research facilities worldwide.

Need help with a project? QuakeLogic designs and supplies seismic monitoring, earthquake early warning, structural health monitoring, infrasound, and shake table systems. Browse QuakeLogic products or contact our engineering team with your site, structure, or test requirements.

Handling Non-Uniformly Spaced Data Using NUFFT and Sinc Interpolation

Illustration for NUFFT and sinc interpolation of non-uniformly sampled MRI and geophysical signals

In short: To process non-uniformly spaced data, apply a Non-Uniform FFT (NUFFT) directly to the irregular samples for frequency-domain analysis, or regrid the samples onto a uniform grid with cubic interpolation and then apply time-domain sinc interpolation (resampleSINC) for a band-limited reconstruction. The article's Python example uses pynufft, scipy interp1d and a sinc kernel on a 256-point two-tone test signal.

When processing non-uniformly spaced data in fields like MRI, radar, or geophysics, it’s crucial to use methods that can handle irregular sampling. In this blog, we discussed two important techniques: Non-Uniform FFT (NUFFT) and Time-domain Sinc Interpolation after regridding the data onto a uniform grid.

Here’s how we integrate both approaches using Python for practical applications.

Step-by-Step Workflow: NUFFT and ResampleSINC Interpolation

  1. Simulate Non-Uniformly Sampled Data: First, create a sinusoidal signal on a uniform grid, then sample it non-uniformly (like in MRI k-space).
  2. Apply NUFFT: Use NUFFT to handle the non-uniform data directly.
  3. Regrid Non-Uniform Data to Uniform Grid: Use interpolation methods like interp1d to map the data to a uniform grid.
  4. Apply ResampleSINC: Use the resampleSINC function for precise interpolation onto the uniform grid.

Let’s look at the complete Python code:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pynufft import NUFFT
from scipy import interpolate

# Step 1: Generate a signal on a uniform grid
N = 256  # Number of points in the signal
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, N)
signal = np.sin(5*x) + np.sin(15*x)  # A test signal with two frequencies

# Step 2: Simulate non-uniform sampling
non_uniform_grid = np.sort(np.random.rand(N) * 2 * np.pi)

# Step 3: Perform NUFFT
nufft = NUFFT()
nufft.plan(non_uniform_grid, (N,), (256,))
signal_non_uniform = np.interp(non_uniform_grid, x, signal)
nufft_transform = nufft.forward(signal_non_uniform)

# Step 4: Regrid non-uniform data onto uniform grid using cubic interpolation
uniform_grid = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, N)
regridded_signal = interpolate.interp1d(non_uniform_grid, signal_non_uniform, kind='cubic')(uniform_grid)

# Step 5: Apply ResampleSINC for precise interpolation
def resampleSINC(signal, x, u):
    """
    Resample a signal using sinc interpolation in time domain
    Parameters:
    - signal : original signal on non-uniform grid
    - x : non-uniform grid
    - u : uniform grid to resample onto

    Returns:
    - interpolated_signal : the resampled signal on the uniform grid
    """
    interpolated_signal = np.zeros_like(u)

    for i in range(len(u)):
        interpolated_signal[i] = np.sum(signal * np.sinc((u[i] - x) / (x[1] - x[0])))

    return interpolated_signal

# Apply ResampleSINC on regridded signal
sinc_interpolated_signal = resampleSINC(regridded_signal, uniform_grid, uniform_grid)

# Step 6: Plot the results
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))

# Original and Non-Uniform Sampled Signal
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x, signal, label='Original Signal')
plt.scatter(non_uniform_grid, signal_non_uniform, color='red', label='Non-uniform Samples')
plt.legend()
plt.title('Original and Non-Uniformly Sampled Signal')

# Sinc Interpolated Signal
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(x, signal, label='Original Signal')
plt.plot(uniform_grid, sinc_interpolated_signal, label='Sinc Interpolated Signal', linestyle='dashed')
plt.legend()
plt.title('Sinc Interpolation after Regridding')
plt.show()

Workflow Breakdown

  1. Simulate Non-Uniform Sampling: We create a simple sinusoidal signal on a uniform grid and simulate non-uniform sampling, common in MRI k-space.
  2. Regrid to Uniform Grid: Using cubic interpolation (interp1d from scipy), we map the non-uniform samples onto a uniform grid to facilitate subsequent operations like FFT or interpolation.
  3. ResampleSINC: The resampleSINC function is applied after regridding to precisely interpolate the signal onto a uniform grid. This technique uses sinc interpolation, which is ideal for band-limited signals when applied to uniformly spaced data.
  4. Plot Results: We visualize the original, non-uniform samples, and the signal reconstructed using sinc interpolation. As seen in the plot, the sinc-interpolated signal closely follows the original signal, providing an accurate reconstruction.

Conclusion

When working with non-uniformly spaced data, especially in fields like MRI or geophysics, it’s essential to use the right tools to process and reconstruct the signal. This blog demonstrated two key techniques:

  • NUFFT allows direct handling of non-uniform data without interpolation, providing accurate frequency-domain transforms.
  • ResampleSINC is ideal for signal reconstruction after regridding non-uniform data to a uniform grid, ensuring minimal distortion.

These methods, when used together, offer a powerful solution for handling non-uniformly sampled signals. By first regridding and then applying sinc interpolation, you ensure your final signal is both smooth and faithful to the original data.

Reference

Dr. Erol Kalkan, P.E. (2024). Time-domain Sinc Interpolation (Resampling) (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/59027-time-domain-sinc-interpolation-resampling), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved September 17, 2024.


If you’re dealing with non-uniform sampling in your field, contact QuakeLogic today for advanced solutions at sales@quakelogic.net.

Let us show you how our state-of-the-art technologies can transform your signal processing workflows.

Key Takeaways

  • NUFFT (pynufft) transforms non-uniformly sampled data to the frequency domain without first interpolating.
  • scipy.interpolate.interp1d with kind='cubic' regrids irregular samples onto a 256-point uniform grid.
  • resampleSINC sums signal * sinc((u – x) / dx) over all samples, an exact reconstruction for band-limited uniformly sampled data.
  • The example signal is sin(5x) + sin(15x) on 0 to 2π with randomly placed non-uniform sample points.
  • The method follows Erol Kalkan's Time-domain Sinc Interpolation (Resampling) submission on MATLAB File Exchange.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is NUFFT and when should I use it instead of a regular FFT?

A Non-Uniform FFT (NUFFT) computes the Fourier transform of data whose sample points are irregularly spaced, which a standard FFT cannot accept. Use NUFFT when the data arrives on a non-uniform grid, as in MRI k-space, radar or geophysical surveys, and you need a frequency-domain result without first interpolating. In Python the pynufft package plans the transform from the sample positions and grid size, then calls forward() on the samples.

How does sinc interpolation reconstruct a non-uniformly sampled signal?

Sinc interpolation reconstructs a band-limited signal exactly from uniformly spaced samples by summing each sample multiplied by a sinc kernel centred on it. Because the kernel assumes uniform spacing, the workflow first regrids the irregular samples with cubic interpolation, then applies the resampleSINC function, which computes sum(signal * sinc((u – x) / dx)) for every output point u. The result follows the original signal closely with minimal distortion.

Why regrid with cubic interpolation before applying resampleSINC?

Time-domain sinc interpolation is only exact when the input samples lie on a uniform grid, so the irregular samples must be mapped onto one first. scipy.interpolate.interp1d with kind='cubic' provides a smooth, fast approximation of the signal at the uniform grid points; resampleSINC then refines that estimate with a band-limited kernel, giving a reconstruction that is both smooth and faithful to the original data.

Which Python libraries does the NUFFT and sinc interpolation workflow need?

The example uses NumPy for arrays and the sinc function, Matplotlib for plotting, pynufft for the NUFFT class with its plan and forward calls, and SciPy's interpolate module for cubic regridding. The resampleSINC function itself is a short pure-NumPy loop, so no additional dependency is required for the sinc stage of the workflow.

Can this workflow be applied to seismic or geophysical data?

Yes. Geophysics is one of the fields the method targets, alongside MRI and radar. Field sensors with irregular timestamps, gaps or uneven station spacing produce non-uniform samples that break standard FFT-based processing. Regridding followed by sinc resampling restores a uniform time series suitable for spectral analysis, while NUFFT gives a direct spectrum when interpolation should be avoided.

Need help with a project? QuakeLogic designs and supplies seismic monitoring, earthquake early warning, structural health monitoring, infrasound, and shake table systems. Browse QuakeLogic products or contact our engineering team with your site, structure, or test requirements.

Ironcore Biaxial Shake Table With Magnetic Linear Motors

Iron-core linear motor shake table for seismic and vibration testing

In short: The Ironcore biaxial shake table achieves precise, low-friction motion because its magnetic linear motors drive the platform with no contact between motor and rail; the gap is under 1 mm and the only friction comes from the rail guards. It delivers 2g at a 50 kg payload, 125 mm stroke in each direction and up to 15 Hz on two lateral axes, with closed-loop PID control and EASYTEST software.

At QuakeLogic, we understand that precise and reliable seismic testing is crucial for advancing structural integrity and earthquake resilience. That’s why we’re proud to offer the state-of-the-art ironcore shake biaxial table, designed to meet the highest standards in the industry.

Why Choose the BI-AXIAL IRON CORE Shake Table?

Our ironcore shake table is equipped with cutting-edge linear motor technology, which uses magnetic forces to generate motion. Unlike traditional systems, there is no physical contact between the motor and the rail (gap is less than a 1 mm), resulting in minimal friction. The only friction comes from the rail guards, ensuring smoother, more accurate simulations. This advanced design provides the direct-drive precision and control necessary for high-fidelity testing, making it ideal for engineers and researchers on the forefront of structural testing.

Click HERE for the IRONCORE BIAXIAL shake table product page.

If you want to learn more about the linear motor technology, read our blog HERE.


Key Features of IRONCORE BIAXIAL shake table:

  • Bi-Axial Motion: Two lateral degrees of freedom for comprehensive testing.
  • High Capacity: ± 2g at 50 kg, with a stroke of ±125 mm and up to 15 Hz operational frequency.
  • Precision Control: Closed-loop PID system ensures exact motion execution.
  • Magnetic Linear Motors: No contact between motor and rail, reducing friction and wear.
  • Versatile Waveforms: Supports custom and standard waveforms for diverse testing scenarios.
  • Plug & Play Design: Easy setup, high reliability, and minimal maintenance.
  • EASYTEST Software: The ironcore shake table is integrated with our proprietary EASYTEST software, offering an intuitive interface for test setup, execution, and data analysis. EASYTEST simplifies complex testing procedures, enhances workflow efficiency, and provides comprehensive real-time monitoring and control, making it easier than ever to achieve accurate and consistent results.

Seeing is Believing

Experience the quiet and precise performance of the ironcore biaxial shake table as it effortlessly executes sine sweeps along the x-axis, y-axis, and simultaneously across both axes.

X-AXIS SINE WAVE

Y-AXIS SINE WAVE

X AND Y-AXIS SINE WAVE



The QuakeLogic Advantage

Trusted by leading institutions like NOKIA, TEXAS AM, UNR, UCSD, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, CALTECH, IMPERIAL COLLEGE, VIRGINIA TECH, AUS and many more, our shake tables are the pinnacle of seismic testing technology. It’s an investment in accuracy, efficiency, and the future of your research.

Click HERE for our extensive list of past clients.

Additional Accessories

Introducing the QL-MINI digital triaxial MEMS accelerometers and inclinometers combo sensor, designed for seamless integration with a Windows PC via USB. These sensors come with our complimentary QL-VISIO software, enabling real-time data analysis and retrieval with ease.

For enhanced demonstrations, we offer a modular plexiglass model structure specifically designed for use with the shake table. We recommend pairing this structure with five QL-MINI sensors to maximize the demonstration’s effectiveness.

Additionally, we provide a custom-made plexiglass box, known as the GEOBOX, ideal for geotechnical earthquake engineering demonstrations. This robust, waterproof box is perfect for simulating liquefaction, lateral spreading, slope stability, and more, and is designed for easy mounting on the shake table.


About QuakeLogic

QuakeLogic is a leader in seismic and vibration monitoring solutions, committed to enhancing testing and analysis with innovative, high-performance products.

Contact Us

  • Email: sales@quakelogic.net
  • Phone: +1-916-899-0391
  • WhatsApp: +1-650-353-8627
  • Website: www.quakelogic.net

Discover how QuakeLogic’s ironcore shake table, powered by our EASYTEST software, can elevate your seismic testing projects. Contact us today for more information.

Key Takeaways

  • Capacity: 2g at 50 kg payload, 125 mm stroke in each direction and up to 15 Hz operating frequency on two lateral axes.
  • Magnetic linear motors keep a sub-1 mm gap between motor and rail, so the only friction comes from the rail guards.
  • A closed-loop PID controller executes custom and standard waveforms including sine sweeps on X, Y or both axes.
  • EASYTEST software handles test setup, execution, real-time monitoring and data analysis.
  • Accessories: QL-MINI USB triaxial MEMS accelerometer/inclinometer, plexiglass model structure and GEOBOX for liquefaction demos.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the specifications of the Ironcore biaxial shake table?

The Ironcore biaxial shake table provides two lateral degrees of freedom, 2g acceleration at a 50 kg payload, a stroke of 125 mm in each direction and operation up to 15 Hz. Motion is produced by magnetic linear motors under closed-loop PID control, supports custom and standard waveforms, and is set up, executed and analyzed through QuakeLogic's EASYTEST software in a plug-and-play configuration.

How do magnetic linear motors reduce friction in a shake table?

In a magnetic linear motor there is no mechanical contact between the motor and the rail; the gap is less than 1 mm and magnetic forces generate the motion directly. The only friction in the Ironcore table comes from the rail guards, so there is no gearbox, belt or ball screw to introduce backlash or wear. The result is smoother, quieter and more accurate reproduction of the commanded waveform.

What is EASYTEST software used for on QuakeLogic shake tables?

EASYTEST is QuakeLogic's proprietary control software integrated with the Ironcore shake table. It provides an interface for defining test parameters, executing sine sweeps, recorded earthquakes and custom waveforms, and monitoring the table in real time. It also handles data analysis so that a user can go from setup to consistent, repeatable results without separate control and acquisition tools.

Which accessories are available for the Ironcore biaxial shake table?

QuakeLogic offers QL-MINI digital triaxial MEMS accelerometer and inclinometer combo sensors that connect to a Windows PC by USB and use the free QL-VISIO software; a modular plexiglass model structure, best instrumented with five QL-MINI sensors; and the GEOBOX, a waterproof plexiglass container that mounts on the table for liquefaction, lateral spreading and slope-stability demonstrations.

Who uses QuakeLogic shake tables?

The institutions named as users of QuakeLogic shake tables include Nokia, Texas A&M, the University of Nevada Reno, UC San Diego, the University of Texas, Caltech, Imperial College, Virginia Tech and AUS. These users span industrial vibration testing and university earthquake engineering research and teaching, where quiet, repeatable two-axis motion matters.

Need help with a project? QuakeLogic designs and supplies seismic monitoring, earthquake early warning, structural health monitoring, infrasound, and shake table systems. Browse QuakeLogic products or contact our engineering team with your site, structure, or test requirements.